El nodo sinusal es una estructura altamente especializada, cuyas células generan despolarizaciones espontáneas repetidas a una frecuencia variable que determina la frecuencia cardiaca. Las células nodales se disponen sobre una matriz de tejido conectivo denso formando cordones entrelazados, que en la periferia se mezclan con los miocitos auriculares contráctiles. La zona central, encargada de generar los impulsos, se caracteriza por estar relativamente desacoplada del resto de la aurícula, mientras que la zona periférica presenta un grado de acoplamiento cada vez mayor. Las células nodales presentan una fase diastólica caracterizada por una despolarización lenta progresiva que transporta el potencial de reposo al umbral de excitabilidad y genera un nuevo potencial de acción. La activación de la corriente If genera esta fase diastólica y está implicada también en el control del ritmo cardiaco mediado por el sistema nervioso autónomo.
Palabras clave
Nodo sinoauricular
Estructura
Fisiología
Potenciales
Frecuencia cardiaca
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