ISSN: 0300-8932 Factor de impacto 2023 7,2
Vol. 6. Núm. A.
Páginas 3A-20A (Marzo 2006)

Actualización y futuro del óxido nítrico en el tratamiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular
Efectos del óxido nítrico sobre la función cardíaca

Effects of Nitric Oxide on Cardiac Function

Juan Tamargo¿Ricardo CaballeroRicardo GómezLucía NúñezMiguel VaqueroEva Delpón

Opciones

El óxido nítrico (NO) liberado por prácticamente todas las células del corazón ejerce múltiples efectos sobre la función cardíaca. Modula las respuestas inotrópicas y cronotrópicas, el flujo de entrada de Ca++ y el ciclo del Ca++ en el retículo sarcoplásmico, la transmisión autonómica, la frecuencia cardíaca, la respiración mitocondrial, el consumo miocárdico de O2 y la eficiencia mecánica. El NO regula la contractilidad cardíaca en respuesta a la distensión e inhibe la relación fuerza-frecuencia y las respuesta a la estimulación β-adrenérgica. También mejora la distensibilidad ventricular y aumenta el trabajo latido en pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada, y desempeña un importante papel en la fase tardía del precondicionamiento isquémico. Por último, el NO puede modular la actividad de los canales cardíacos, la arritmogénesis, la apoptosis y la función cardíaca en el miocardio insuficiente. Para realizar todas estas funciones, las NO sintasas (NOS) se localizan en microdominios de los cardiomiocitos en íntima vecindad con las vías de señalización que modulan. Sin embargo, es necesario conocer mejor los mecanismos implicados en la regulación y la localización celular de las NOS, así como las vías no enzimáticas de síntesis del NO, su localización y su inactivación en diversas situaciones fisipatológicas antes de que podamos trasladar las múltiples acciones del NO en una alternative terapéutica.

Palabras clave

Óxido nítrico
Óxido nítrico sintasas
Contracción miocárdica
Frecuencia cardíaca
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