Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la dieta pueden clasificarse en dos tipos: ácidos grasos omega-3 (n-3) y ácidos grasos omega-6 (n-6). Los ácidos grasos n-3 se metabolizan en el organismo dando lugar a diferentes ácidos grasos n-3, y los de un mayor interés desde el punto de vista cardiovascular son los de cadena larga (PUFA n-3).
Tres mecanismos principales parecen estar involucrados en el efecto protector cardiovascular de los ácidos grasos n-3: su efecto antiinflamatorio, su efecto antitrombótico y su acción antiarrítmica. En cuanto a su efecto antitrombótico, hay datos experimentales que indican que la ingesta de ácidos grasos omega-3 tiene un efecto antitrombótico principalmente mediado por una reducción en la formación de tromboxano. Se disponde de datos sobre su efecto antiinflamatorio que demuestran la reducción en la expresión de proteínas de adhesión. Sin embargo, en los estudios de intervención dietética en humanos estos 2 efectos no se repiten de forma consistente en todos los estudios publicados. En esta revisión se analizan los diferentes mecanismos de acción antitrombótica y antiinflamatoria de los ácidos grasos omega-3.
Palabras clave
Ácidos grasos omega-3
Plaquetas
Leucocitos
Inflamación
Tromboxano A2
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