ISSN: 0300-8932 Factor de impacto 2023 7,2
Vol. 5. Núm. D.
Páginas 46D-52D (Octubre 2005)

Síndrome metabólico: retos y esperanzas
Prevención y tratamiento del síndrome metabólico

Metabolic Syndrome: Prevention and Treatment

Fernando Garza Benitoa¿Ignacio J. Ferreira MonterobAlfonso del Río Ligoritb

Opciones

La prevención de SM debe basarse esencialmente en la adopción de medidas generales destinadas a controlar el peso, por medio de la dieta adecuada, con una composición equilibrada de hidratos de carbono complejos, proteínas, grasas, fibra y micronutrientes. La dieta mediterránea, rica en verduras y frutas, hidratos de carbono complejos, pescados, y aceite de oliva y antioxidantes, muestra unas características apropiadas para la prevención del SM. Se debe recomendar una actividad física, acorde con la edad, el sexo y demás características de cada caso. Todas estas medidas deben establecerse desde la infancia y la adolescencia, dado el incremento importante de la prevalencia de la obesidad infantil y juvenil.

El tratamiento del SM se basa también en las medidas generales de dieta y actividad física. No obstante, más de la mitad de los pacientes con SM necesita, además, tratamiento farmacológico, ya que la reducción ponderal y el aumento de la actividad física no consiguen el control conveniente de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. En el tratamiento antihipertensivo, tanto los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina como los antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II mejoran la resistencia insulínica y previenen el deterioro vascular y renal. El tratamiento antidiabético con metformina, glitazonas y acarbosa, cuando estén indicados, induce mejoría, tanto del perfil glucémico como de la resistencia insulínica. Son vías prometedoras abiertas a la investigación en el tratamiento del SM tanto los receptores activados de los proliferadores de los peroxisomas, como los inhibidores de los receptores endocanabinoides.

Palabras clave

Síndrome metabólico
Obesidad
Dieta mediterránea
Ejercicio físico
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