ISSN: 0300-8932 Factor de impacto 2023 7,2
Vol. 6. Núm. C.
Páginas 43C-49C (Mayo 2006)

Antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina ii e insuficiencia cardiaca
Prevención de la fibrilación auricular en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca

Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure

Antonio Hernández MadridGerardo MorenoJorge RondónWalter MarínMiguel CastilloOscar BernalBelén TarancónAlejandro AmadorConcepción Moro¿

Opciones

La insuficiencia cardiaca promueve la aparición de fibrilación auricular y ésta agrava la insuficiencia cardiaca. La fibrilación auricular puede afectar en cualquier momento a un gran porcentaje de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. La manifestación y presentación clínica cambia con el paso del tiempo y depende de cada paciente. Empeora la sintomatología de los pacientes, como una complicación más de su enfermedad, y causa frustración tanto a los pacientes como a los médicos. Se estima que hasta un 50% de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca presentan fibrilación auricular en algún momento de su evolución, por lo que son necesarias medidas tanto para la prevención de la embolia como para el alivio de los síntomas.

La interferencia farmacológica con señales específicas de las vías de transducción es prometedora. Hasta ahora, los agentes más efectivos son los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina y los antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II, que reducen el estrés oxidativo, restauran las concentraciones de óxido nítrico, inhiben la formación de tejido fibroso y pueden reducir la ectopia de las venas pulmonares. El desenmascaramiento de factores genéticos implicados aún no conocidos puede tener gran repercusión. Es necesario un mejor conocimiento de la fisiología molecular. Esto puede ayudar a desarrollar nuevos regímenes de tratamiento o terapia híbrida con combinación de fármacos «antiarrítmicos» y «no antiarrítmicos» para aumentar la eficacia del tratamiento.

Palabras clave

Fibrilación auricular
Angiotensina
Insuficiencia cardiaca
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