ISSN: 0300-8932 Factor de impacto 2023 7,2
Vol. 6. Núm. C.
Páginas 58C-72C (Mayo 2006)

Antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina ii e insuficiencia cardiaca
Papel de los ARA-II en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca: ¿qué dicen las guías de práctica clínica?

Role of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: What do the Clinical Practice Guidelines Say?

John G.F. Cleland¿

Opciones

Existen sustanciosos ensayos clínicos que investigan la naturaleza y la magnitud de los beneficios clínicos de los antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina (ARA-II) en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en 3 escenarios. Usados en dosis adecuadas, estos fármacos ejercen beneficios similares en magnitud a los de los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina (IECA) y pueden utilizarse como alternativa cuando los efectos secundarios específicos de los IECA, tales como la tos o el edema angioneurótico, se han presentado o se teme que aparezcan. En pacientes con disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) y síntomas de moderados a severos, persistentes o recurrentes, la adición de un ARA-II a un IECA mejora los síntomas y reduce la hospitalización, pero no existe la certeza de si reducen la mortalidad por cualquier causa. Los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de eyección del VI preservada tienen una tasa menor de muerte o de hospitalización que los pacientes con disfunción sistólica del VI y, por tanto, la mayor proporción de tales eventos serán de causa no cardiovascular. Los ARA-II reducen la hospitalización relacionada con la insuficiencia cardiaca en este grupo de pacientes, pero no la mortalidad. Los ARA-II parecen también reducir la incidencia de diabetes en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca, sobre todo en pacientes con fracción de eyección preservada del VI.

Las guías de la sociedad europea sobre insuficiencia cardiaca crónica son consistentes con estos datos. Sin embargo, el sistema de clasificación utilizado es anticuado y debería reformarse. Las guías ponen de relieve la incertidumbre sobre la utilización de los ARA-II o de los antagonistas de la aldosterona como el siguiente fármaco que se debe añadir a los IECA y a los bloqueadores beta

Palabras clave

Guías
Insuficiencia cardiaca
Antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Ensayos controlados y aleatorizados
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