ISSN: 0300-8932 Factor de impacto 2023 7,2
Vol. 6. Núm. D.
Páginas 62D-71D (Junio 2006)

Utilidad terapéutica de los ácidos grasos omega-3
Importancia de los ácidos grasos omega-3 en la prevención secundaria del infarto agudo de miocardio

Importance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Secondary Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Martina Ceseri¿Giuseppe LonardoAldo P. Maggioni

Opciones

Desde la década de los sesenta, las simples observaciones de los hábitos alimentarios indicaban que los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) omega-3 podían ser beneficiosos para la prevención cardiovascular, tanto en los modelos animales como humanos. El efecto más evidente y directo parecía ser el antiarrítmico, al estabilizar la electrofisiología cardiaca. Sin embargo, con posterioridad se han investigado otros muchos efectos que han revelado otros posibles, y múltiples mecanismos de acción sobre diferentes objetivos celulares. De hecho, se ha demostrado la capacidad de estas moléculas para modular muchos de los procesos celulares y tisulares, como la inflamación, la proliferación celular, la migración, la apoptosis, etc. Por consiguiente, se plantearon diversas hipótesis para explicar los resultados observados y se diseñaron más estudios preclínicos y clínicos al respecto. En la actualidad disponemos de una gran cantidad de datos (epidemiológicos, experimentales y de ensayos clínicos) que han ido proporcionando gradualmente la base racional para el uso de estos compuestos en las enfermedades cardiovasculares, sobre todo en la prevención secundaria.

Esta revisión pretende resumir las bases principales del conocimiento sobre los efectos de los AGPI omega-3, desde las observaciones epidemiológicas a los resultados de los ensayos clínicos, a través de los datos experimentales. Aunque ya hay una recomendación en las guías internacionales para el uso de los AGPI omega-3, aún se necesitan más investigaciones sobre su perfil de riesgo/beneficio y sus mecanismos de acción en diversos trastornos clínicos, como lo demuestra la existencia de muchos estudios clínicos en curso que aportarán nuevos datos en los próximos años.

Palabras clave

Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3
Arritmias
Prevención secundaria
Coronariopatía
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